Search published articles
General users only can access the published articles
Showing 17 results for Subject:
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Due to ethnic, religious and cultural diversity, Zahedan has a heterogeneous and diverse population. The diversity of religions and denominations from the formation of this city until the Islamic Revolution has never been a matter of dispute and peaceful coexistence between different religious groups has been established in this city. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the continuation and emergence of Shiism as the official religion of the country, the Baluch people, due to differences in religion, became less integrated with the central government than the Sistani's and became more and more isolated in identity. The objective manifestation of these gaps can be seen in the most symbolic religious element of the city, namely the Makki Mosque. The hidden signs in this mosque as an arena to show the ethnic-religious hegemonic power of the Sunni Baluchi's, with unusual dimensions and heights and unfamiliar forms and decorations, have dominated their surrounding context and produced special semantic rules. In the face of such a situation, the narrator of the Makki Mosque has experienced signs of apathy because the signs used in this mosque have acted in disconnection with the previous meanings of the Baluch mosques and have become an unfamiliar text for the narrator. Finally, the Makki Mosque has provided an opportunity to represent concepts and issues that can take us deeper into the Baluch cultural layers and provide a relatively deep understanding of the people's situation in contemporary society.
Volume 4, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Targeting followed by pattern making and planning to reach to goals is a necessity in all societies. Urban planning, as a subject expressing interactions between mankind, culture, living style and environment, plays an important role in reaching to the Islamic society goals along with keeping the original identity and promoting the culture and ethics, and consequently is very important in preparing a local model based on the Islamic teachings appropriate to the Islamic-Iranian context. Islam has paid special attention to social issues; just do not discuss individual aspects only. Way to achieve prosperity has been the establishment of an Islamic community and Change and growth, resulting in a society where people of all decisions and activities have been. In the Quran, Allah does not change the destiny of any nation unless they themselves. Issues such as community participation, social justice and components - such as these are placed on the social dimension of the Quran and hadiths emphasize. On the other hand Iran has long ago been important social issues and it has Construction of public buildings in the city and had a significant role. In this paper, after reviewing the literature about the social aspects of urban planning, we explained the social components of Islamic-Iranian urban planning pattern of progress. Accordingly, factors like security, social justice, health, neighborhood etc. were introduced as the important elements in social considerations of Islamic-Iranian urban planning pattern, based on Islamic teachings and Islamic-Iranian urban planning history and background .Each of the components of the urban social Iran - Islamic has a different degree of importance,some components may all components in its place and Or even creator them to be. The components and their corresponding degree of importance based on Islamic perspectives are examined. The social concepts such as privacy, health, social justice, security, peace and tranquility and also emphasized the teachings of Islam and the Islamic Republic of Iran has been in the planning And can serve as guides and tips for Islamic and Iranian urban spaces, enhanced quality of life, increased social interaction, participation of residents in the neighborhood, social justice and economic prosperity can be used. Create a semantic framework that is based on the principles expressed in the social body based on the ideas of God and to lead. Therefore, the physical space of architecture and urbanism in shaping the framework and components manufacturer must identify and examine their relationships and to build on the structure of the physical space of cities. Urban planning, urban design, architecture and industrial design matters and social climate will affect the Iranian Islamic cities. These components are not only social prosperity,social equity,increase physical qualities, enhancing the sense of belonging to the environment, but also contribute to the increased value of land, recreating the old quarters of cities and economic issues influence is remarkable.Urban pattern recognition component of Islamic and Iranian decision-makers and decision-makers, the public,and what to get rid of the confusion of spiritual and material life of man,it is important to define it.
Volume 6, Issue 1 (7-2016)
Abstract
The aim of this study, investigate the relationship between organizational commitment and entrepreneurial orientation. Organizational commitment from the perspective of Allen and Meyer include (emotional, continuous and normative) dimension and entrepreneurial orientation include (risk taking, innovation, independence, proactiveness and aggressive competition) dimension. Research community includes all employees of the municipal welfare organization of recreational and art in Isfahan city. The statistical sample include 91 number of employees which is randomly selected and for data gathering have been using the questionnaire. The main research hypothesis is existence meaningful relationship between organizational commitment and entrepreneurial orientation. The results of this study suggest that there is a significant and positive relationship between the emotional and continuous dimension of organizational commitment and entrepreneurial orientation dimensions. However there is no significant relationship between normative commitments and entrepreneurial orientation.
Volume 8, Issue 4 (2019 2019)
Abstract
Several factors have affected the architectural design of Persian Gardens Over time. In the meantime, Chaharbaghs have been the most numerous plans among architecture of Iranian garden. Special features of Chaharbaghs form have affected on designing other gardens. By studying the process of analyzing of Iranian gardens, and their effectiveness from quartet structures, it is possible to renovate a part of the forgotten identity of ancient architecture and also analyze the way that geometric structures affected in gardens. On the other hand, these features can be used in today’s landscaping Designing. There is a direct relationship between length to width ratio of Chaharbaghs forms and designing Safavid garden’s plan in Esfahan. Other researchers in the division of Safavid garden’s plan have focused more on other factors such as spiritual meanings of heaven architecture approach in gardens. First, this research aimed to analyze the role of geometric features embedded in the plans lies in Safavid garden in Esfahan. This article is based on field data and library data. In this study, by implementation plan of Chaharbaghs from past until now, the repeating geometric features in the process of designing the plans will be discussed. This study aimed to reveal the effect of geometric features in Chaharbaghs on designing the plans of gardens in Safavid period. In this article, first the division of gardens will be discussed. After analyzing the words and identifying the various gardens, the common and different features in various types of gardens will be examined. Completed analyzing revealed that the ratio of length to width of the overall atmosphere in comparison to Crete in Safavid garden of Esfahan, repeated like the comparison of Ancient Chaharbagh.
Volume 9, Issue 41 (11-2021)
Abstract
This research seeks to recognize the mind-healer ritual dolls in Iran. These dolls are made or destroyed in rituals to reduce the psychological burden, stimulate a sympathetic sense. This article is a development and historical descriptive study. The data collection was document and fieldwork. The statistical population of the research was the Iranian mind-healer ritual dolls. The studied cases can be divided into two general historical and imaginary groups. The historical dolls are divided into two categories: Dolls from the Iranian history, and Dolls derived from the history of Islam. Also, among the imaginary dolls, one can specify three categories: Dolls derived from the mythological creatures, the ones from the literary characters, and the dolls used to meet every day needs. The use of dolls as a replication of a strong "Other", or the symbol of supernatural forces, has been a method to express all the words that nature, political power, ruling religion, or general beliefs have made them inexpressible for the doll maker. The ritualistic destruction of these dolls has led to the complaints of nature, abandonment of anger, and relaxation from the psychological burden.
Volume 10, Issue 1 (Spring 2020)
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this study is to measure the level of social sustainability in distressed urban areas and explain its components in the historical and marginal context of Ardabil as two examples of distressed urban areas.
Methods: The data were collected by library method and questionnaire in 2018 and analyzed by one-sample t-test, factor analysis and regression analysis. The sample consisted of 200 inhabitants of historical texture and 200 inhabitants of marginal context who were sampled by cluster sampling method.
Findings: The components of social sustainability in both studied areas were inadequate. However, the marginal context was worse than historical area. Based on the results of factor analysis, factors that contribute to the improvement of social sustainability are in the subset of the four main factors, which together explain 63% to 68% of variance of the social sustainability as dependent variable. Also the effect of various factors in each area was significantly different. As, the most important factor affecting social sustainability in the historical context is the social capital that explained by variables such as social participation, social interactions, social trust, and collective identity. In contrast, the most important factor affecting social sustainability in marginalized area is the availability of amenities and infrastructural facilities that are explained by variables such as housing quality, security and access to public services.
Conclusion: The final result was that the existence of intrinsic differences between historical and marginal context requires the development of separate regeneration schemes for each context in accordance with their characteristics.
Methods: The data were collected by library method and questionnaire in 2018 and analyzed by one-sample t-test, factor analysis and regression analysis. The sample consisted of 200 inhabitants of historical texture and 200 inhabitants of marginal context who were sampled by cluster sampling method.
Findings: The components of social sustainability in both studied areas were inadequate. However, the marginal context was worse than historical area. Based on the results of factor analysis, factors that contribute to the improvement of social sustainability are in the subset of the four main factors, which together explain 63% to 68% of variance of the social sustainability as dependent variable. Also the effect of various factors in each area was significantly different. As, the most important factor affecting social sustainability in the historical context is the social capital that explained by variables such as social participation, social interactions, social trust, and collective identity. In contrast, the most important factor affecting social sustainability in marginalized area is the availability of amenities and infrastructural facilities that are explained by variables such as housing quality, security and access to public services.
Conclusion: The final result was that the existence of intrinsic differences between historical and marginal context requires the development of separate regeneration schemes for each context in accordance with their characteristics.
Volume 10, Issue 3 (Fall 2020)
Abstract
Aims: Daylight has a great impact on the quality of indoor spaces, especially educational spaces. In educational spaces, visual comfort along with the use of daylight is of great importance. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to evaluate the visual comfort in the classrooms.
Methods: Two indexes of illumination (lux) and Glare (DGP) were investigated to evaluate the visual comfort in 9 classrooms of 3 faculties from Polytechnic University of Shahrood. Attempts were made to examine at least one sample from each geographical direction. Cases were simulated in Grasshopper software via Honeybee plugin and then analyzed.
Findings: The evaluation of the Illumination (lux) index showed that only the class 2 in Mechanical Faculty was in accordance with Standards and in terms of DGP index, class 1 in Engineering Faculty was annoying at 10 and 14 o’clock in February. In the rest of the classes, the glare was due to reflective light and inappropriate lighting angle.
Conclusion: The results of the analysis showed that in the current situation, by making change in the spatial location of variables such as seats place and white board location relative to the position of windows, we can control the shading and better use of shades and light situations and can greatly improve the lighting quality of interior spaces. Also, the most important finding of the research is that the interior design of the space to create the connection between the light source and the layout and white board is not done by experts or is left to uninformed people.
Methods: Two indexes of illumination (lux) and Glare (DGP) were investigated to evaluate the visual comfort in 9 classrooms of 3 faculties from Polytechnic University of Shahrood. Attempts were made to examine at least one sample from each geographical direction. Cases were simulated in Grasshopper software via Honeybee plugin and then analyzed.
Findings: The evaluation of the Illumination (lux) index showed that only the class 2 in Mechanical Faculty was in accordance with Standards and in terms of DGP index, class 1 in Engineering Faculty was annoying at 10 and 14 o’clock in February. In the rest of the classes, the glare was due to reflective light and inappropriate lighting angle.
Conclusion: The results of the analysis showed that in the current situation, by making change in the spatial location of variables such as seats place and white board location relative to the position of windows, we can control the shading and better use of shades and light situations and can greatly improve the lighting quality of interior spaces. Also, the most important finding of the research is that the interior design of the space to create the connection between the light source and the layout and white board is not done by experts or is left to uninformed people.
Volume 10, Issue 4 (winter 2021)
Abstract
Aims: Light hierarchy is a secondary but highly influential issue in the perception of space and forming a unique experience in architecture. Light hierarchy is due to a light gradation which presents the priority of space content and leads the users into the space around him. This is a significant subject in Iranian-Islamic architecture that is considered in constructing a pleasant building in various ways.
Instruments & Methods: To identify the factors contributing to the Light hierarchy, experts in the field of Iranian-Islamic architecture were surveyed by the Delphi method to identify the factors and their role as fundamental, main or complementary factors. To be specific, experts were also asked to rate the role of factors in the creation of light hierarchies with a Likert scale of 5 degrees. Wilcoxon test was used to analyze data at the last part.
Findings: The factors were divided into three categories: “Lighting Elements” (such as normal opening and lattice opening), “Intermediate communication with outer space”, and “Decorating”.
Conclusions: Experts believed that the “normal opening” had a significant effect on the “fundamental factor” in creating a light hierarchy. In addition, “lattice opening” and “architectural spaces” were identified as the “main factor” factors controlling the light, and decorations as the “complementary factor” influence the light hierarchy.
Instruments & Methods: To identify the factors contributing to the Light hierarchy, experts in the field of Iranian-Islamic architecture were surveyed by the Delphi method to identify the factors and their role as fundamental, main or complementary factors. To be specific, experts were also asked to rate the role of factors in the creation of light hierarchies with a Likert scale of 5 degrees. Wilcoxon test was used to analyze data at the last part.
Findings: The factors were divided into three categories: “Lighting Elements” (such as normal opening and lattice opening), “Intermediate communication with outer space”, and “Decorating”.
Conclusions: Experts believed that the “normal opening” had a significant effect on the “fundamental factor” in creating a light hierarchy. In addition, “lattice opening” and “architectural spaces” were identified as the “main factor” factors controlling the light, and decorations as the “complementary factor” influence the light hierarchy.
Volume 11, Issue 1 (10-2019)
Abstract
Abstract
In the Archaeological excavations have recovered dates a fully conscious with classified data was used specially aims deformation one of these cases are symbolic statues. Statues, the great cultural leap that occurred in New Paleolithic represents a complex process of social The victim as well as the data symbol or a legend or goddess of fertility goddesses and religious icons and some have called almost every toy figurines and decorative Statue of nudity are common Female And a big emphasis on the chest and abdomen, and above all, an emphasis on pregnancy and childbirth are usually chopped sage statue are discarded and a handful of mud either stone Female Statues and tails that are not broken
This research will try using archaeological and anthropological evidence, to explain the use of these statuettes and we believe that these statuettes around the world with different cultures should be treated the meaning and application of the text and archeology and mythology, and anthropology to study the origin without doubt a very important role in the regulation of these statuettes were played that day and different interpretations of the statuettes, perhaps because the using has not found These data identify the problem in a fundamental lack of understanding of all the cognitive issues remains of material culture items that have not shown as well as all data should not be interpreted as a generalized form, because using have different ideas Finally ,along with examples Ethno-Archaeology sample of the prehistoric to present day can be seen
Volume 11, Issue 3 (Fall 2021)
Abstract
Aims: Wind Catchers, as a traditional method of cooling, are compatible with the environment, on the one hand, and reduce energy consumption which is a major global challenge, on the other hand. This study evaluates the thermal and ventilation performance inside different floors of a four-story residential building by using three one-sided, two-sided, four-sided wind catcher models in hot and dry weather in open window mode.
Methods: The analysis by computer modeling or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to evaluate the cooling potential and flow rate during the summer solstice
Finding: The results show that one-sided wind catchers are not efficient due to the low average inlet air and the negative airflow in the central shaft. Two-sided wind catchers have a positive airflow rate in the warm months, but a four-story building, cannot have the amount of air needed for ventilation on the first and second floors. Among three samples, the simulated four-sided Wind Catchers model has higher refrigeration power and optimal efficiency because it can provide airflow with appropriate speed and volume for the first to fourth floors
Conclusion: Among the three wind catcher modeled in software, it has been determined that only the four-way model can have the necessary efficiency to perform ventilation in different floors. designers can design an optimized design and a building that is more compatible with natural ventilation to provide comfort for residents, according to some special points for the use of wind catchers.
Methods: The analysis by computer modeling or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to evaluate the cooling potential and flow rate during the summer solstice
Finding: The results show that one-sided wind catchers are not efficient due to the low average inlet air and the negative airflow in the central shaft. Two-sided wind catchers have a positive airflow rate in the warm months, but a four-story building, cannot have the amount of air needed for ventilation on the first and second floors. Among three samples, the simulated four-sided Wind Catchers model has higher refrigeration power and optimal efficiency because it can provide airflow with appropriate speed and volume for the first to fourth floors
Conclusion: Among the three wind catcher modeled in software, it has been determined that only the four-way model can have the necessary efficiency to perform ventilation in different floors. designers can design an optimized design and a building that is more compatible with natural ventilation to provide comfort for residents, according to some special points for the use of wind catchers.
Volume 11, Issue 4 (Winter 2022)
Abstract
Goals:
The Sardar of Bagh-e Melli was the symbol of Tehran for many years. Its current state is the result of events, changes in Visions, and social, cultural, and political changes. This study focuses on the experience of Tehran Beautification Organization to reveal the quality of conservation in valuable monuments of Tehran.
Methods:
The current study is a descriptive-analytic and explorative-field work study. It has tried to triangulate the results of to Make understandable with library studies and document analysis to offer hypothesis in terms of interpretation of hidden elements and features of the monument and provide a proper analysis of the changes and the reasons behind them.
Findings:
Studies show that the monument had four distinct periods of life, the effect of each can be seen as physical changes and interventions in it: 1- Formation as a symbol of power in the bureaucracy of the capital and the country; 2- The period of pause in urban development; 3- The era of ignorance and decline; 4- The rise of historical and symbolic values of the monument in the old Tehran.
Conclusion:
The study answers the questions regarding the formation, changes, and second rise of a monument that was the symbol of Tehran in an era and is considered the face of old Tehran today. In these examinations it became clear how social and political changes affected the rise and focalization of a monument and consequently resulted in its decline. Thus, the value of the said monument in each era makes certain changes permissible or prohibited. Finally, the growing old of previous values and formation of new ones are studied and how this limit intervention in the monument more difficult compared to older taboos.
ّFormation and development of full-time animal husbandry in Korrivers areas during the Banesh period
Volume 12, Issue 1 (8-2020)
Abstract
Abstract:
Banesh cultural period in South of Iran is considered a vital phase in increasing socio-economic complexities in second half of fourth millennium (BC). Manufacture and specialty distribution of industrial& nutritional products, along with a change in settlement patterns and ecological strategies, demonstrate a pervasive regional evolution which establish a different system in Baneshi community of Kor River Basin. In the meantime,some archeological evidence depicts features of a specialty community in the field of manufacturing and distribution of animal products, beside agricultural and industrial communities of this Basin in a way that its existence as a modern phenomenon is affected by economical complexity in mentioned time and place period. The present paper depicts the formation and expansion of full- time pastoralism in articulation of socio-economic system of this era and represents an explanation for the evolution of productive strategies and formation of ways to exchange animal products by applying middle-range approach and historical - ethnological analogy.
Banesh cultural period in South of Iran is considered a vital phase in increasing socio-economic complexities in second half of fourth millennium (BC). Manufacture and specialty distribution of industrial& nutritional products, along with a change in settlement patterns and ecological strategies, demonstrate a pervasive regional evolution which establish a different system in Baneshi community of Kor River Basin. In the meantime,some archeological evidence depicts features of a specialty community in the field of manufacturing and distribution of animal products, beside agricultural and industrial communities of this Basin in a way that its existence as a modern phenomenon is affected by economical complexity in mentioned time and place period. The present paper depicts the formation and expansion of full- time pastoralism in articulation of socio-economic system of this era and represents an explanation for the evolution of productive strategies and formation of ways to exchange animal products by applying middle-range approach and historical - ethnological analogy.
Volume 12, Issue 2 (2-2021)
Abstract
Abstract
As problem-oriented research in the field of Sociology of culture, this article tries to pursue the concept of “Sacred object”, its position and value, and displacement of its guarding places over time. Derived from the Latin root Sacer, the meaning of sacred is dedicated or consecrated. Durkheim saw religion as a system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, and Otto wrote about a non-rational, non-sensory experience whose primary object is outside the self. Kant’s description of the beautiful and the sublime, as two subjective universal judgments, can explain our aesthetic perception of a sacred object. Weber has determined three types of legitimate rule: charismatic, traditional, and legal-rational authority. Even though all these three types are still prevalent today, we can propose a historical trend for this tripartite classification, a century after expressing the theory: ancient charismatic rule, historical rule based on succession, and the modern state. Sanctuaries and palaces are premodern places to guard the sacred objects, related to the two basic types of legitimate authority. However, museums have inherited this position in the modern period, as the most substantial institutions to protect the selected objects. A museum turns a thing into an object in the process of museality, involving selection, separation, and framing. A ritual/religious object may lose its virtue in this process, yet a regular thing may earn sanctity. To communicate with the sacred object is a non-obligatory, optional, internal, and subjective experience that depends on each visitor’s background, age, interest, and knowledge.
As problem-oriented research in the field of Sociology of culture, this article tries to pursue the concept of “Sacred object”, its position and value, and displacement of its guarding places over time. Derived from the Latin root Sacer, the meaning of sacred is dedicated or consecrated. Durkheim saw religion as a system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, and Otto wrote about a non-rational, non-sensory experience whose primary object is outside the self. Kant’s description of the beautiful and the sublime, as two subjective universal judgments, can explain our aesthetic perception of a sacred object. Weber has determined three types of legitimate rule: charismatic, traditional, and legal-rational authority. Even though all these three types are still prevalent today, we can propose a historical trend for this tripartite classification, a century after expressing the theory: ancient charismatic rule, historical rule based on succession, and the modern state. Sanctuaries and palaces are premodern places to guard the sacred objects, related to the two basic types of legitimate authority. However, museums have inherited this position in the modern period, as the most substantial institutions to protect the selected objects. A museum turns a thing into an object in the process of museality, involving selection, separation, and framing. A ritual/religious object may lose its virtue in this process, yet a regular thing may earn sanctity. To communicate with the sacred object is a non-obligatory, optional, internal, and subjective experience that depends on each visitor’s background, age, interest, and knowledge.
Volume 15, Issue 1 (In Press 2025)
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this article is to study the caravanserais in this area and present architectural plan patterns for suburban caravanserais on the historical road network from Isfahan to Rey and Saveh based on the spatial composition of the room with the stable.
Methods: The data collection method of this research is based on field observations and impressions, library studies, examination of architectural documents and maps of caravanserais, and study of aerial images. The analysis method is based on interpretive, historical, and comparative approaches. The method of obtaining information is inductive reasoning. 60 caravanserais have been identified in this area. From the above statistical population, 13 caravanserais have been selected as study samples. The selection of these samples was purposeful and non-probability.
Findings: The research findings indicate that some caravanserais are very similar and were built in the same period of time and their typologies are also similar to each other, which is due to the existence of a single organization and a common architect and designer, and as a result, their architectural plans and details are similar. In the statistical population of this study, 13 types and architectural patterns of caravanserais were identified based on the study of their architectural plans.
Conclusion: There are some similarities and differences among caravanserais in the research samples. Caravansers that are on a common historical path with common cultural, social and historical characteristics often have similar architectural features, so this characteristic can be used to intervene in them.
Volume 19, Issue 2 (- 0)
Abstract
جستار حاضر در پی یافتن مؤلفه های مؤثر در رفتار و باور تاریخی –سیاسی شیوخ اردبیل پیش از شکل گیری صفویه و میزان تاثیرپذیری از جنبش های هم رفت تاریخی آن است. در میانه ی قرن هفتم، شاهد رویش و زایش دینی در طریقت صفوی، ناشی از حدوث خلأ سیاسی، اعتقادی به دنبال هجوم مغول از یک طرف و زوال ساختار خلافت از طرف دیگر می باشیم. بین قرن هفتم تا دهم هجری، بهره برداری سه سویه از خویشاوندی سببی با آق قویونلوها و مؤلفه غزا در بستر سیاسی وبسامد سازی غلّو در بستر مذهبی، پیروزی شیوخ طریقت اردبیل را به ارمغان می آورد. هجوم مغول، در جنبه اثباتی به فزونی یافتن گرایش به تصوف به عنوان گرانیگاه معنوی توده های عامه مردم کمک کرد و امکان خیزش، جهت تشکیل دولت سیاسی صفوی در قرن دهم را فراهم ساخت. در عین حال، معطوف سازی طریقت به تصاحب قدرت سیاسی، باگردش درونی در طریقت صفوی و گرایش به غلّو و حفظ وحدت رویه با دیگر خیزش های صوفیانه قرن هشتم و نهم به نحو کارآمدی صورت می گیرد. پژوهش حاضر به روش تاریخی و وصفی و ضمن مطالعه کتابخانه ای می کوشد پاسخی برای این سوال بیابد که اندیشه ی دینی در طریقت صوفیانه اردبیل قبل از تشکیل دولت صفوی چگونه بوده ورویکرد شیوخ صفوی به اندیشه ی عالیانه، تحت تاثیر جه عواملی صورت گرفته است. نتایج گویای آن است که هرچند بعد از تهاجم مغول وقوت گرفتن پایگاه تصوف، طریقت های صوفیانه وغالیانه دچار چرخش درونی شدند: اما نکته این است که صفویان، برجسته ترین عامل جنبش های صوفیانه این دوران بودند که موفق به تشکیل دولتی فراگیر گشتند.
Morteza Hessari, Sepideh Saeedi,
Volume 24, Issue 4 (12-2017)
Volume 24, Issue 4 (12-2017)
Abstract
Archaeologists define the Proto-Elamite phenomenon by the appearance of Proto-Elamite writing, the first form of local writing in Iran on tablets in many cases together with specific types of other management tools and pottery, over a vast geographical territory across the Iranian plateau. Different explanations have been offered to account for this spread and the shift from a Mesopotamian-oriented culture during the earlier period (Late Uruk) to a predominantly Iranian-oriented culture during the late fourth and early third millennium BCE. However, up to now, most of these explanations have been concentrated on the recovered material culture from Fars in the southern part of the plateau and Khuzestan in the southwest. New discoveries from sites on the northern fringes of the plateau depict a fresh and more complete picture of this enigmatic phenomenon. The new excavations and surveys conducted in the settlements that contain the material culture of this horizon have significantly added to our knowledge about the formation and spreading processes of this horizon. Cultural material recently recovered from these sites have extended the Proto-Elamite territory even further, have changed our understanding of the relationships among them and the potential ways this cultural horizon was shaped and diffused. In this paper, we present some of the newly discovered evidence from these sites including but not limited to: Sofalin, Shoghali, Ozbaki, Gholi Darvish and compare them with our older understanding of the presence of this cultural horizon in the center and northern parts of the Iranian plateau.
Iran Fatemeh Abdorrahimain, Iran Mahmood Heydarian, Iran Mohammadamin Emami,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (1-2023)
Volume 30, Issue 1 (1-2023)
Abstract
The petrographic analysis of ceramics can often answer a wide variety of archaeological questions, especially regarding fabrication, manufacturing processes which were despite focused on the construction and trade of pottery. However, ceramics which were collected from the same site can mostly differ in their chemistry as well as fabrics. As is applied in many cases, essential archaeological survey and documentations in a theoretical framework are key to the proper application of ceramic petrography through the archaeometrical research. This paper deals with the petrographically approach on Kura-Araxes or Early Bronze Age ceramics manufacturing processes of Sonqor Plain. It is of worth-knowing to contribute that the contact and exchange strategies between indigenous communities and several cultural-spheres during Early Bronze Age (beginning of the fourth millennium BC) in this area. Morphological data along with mineralogical composition of ceramics were applied to determine the major elements of the pottery sherds. Based on the result, one can be suggested that all of sherds are in the same group and were demonstrated mightily local productions. The ceramic manufacturing technology indicates same patterns of material interactions during the ETC or Kura-Araxes in all of the investigated sites in Sonqor Plain.
| Page 1 from 1 |