Tarbiat Modares UniversityThe International Journal of Humanities2538-264033220260401AI and Fourth Generation of Human Rights Interaction2900610.48311/eijh.2026.105901.0ENMahsaKhajehAssistant Prof. Department of Law, Lenj.C, Islamic Azad University, Lenjan, Iran (Corresponding Author)0009-0004-6188-1128MasoodRaei DehaghiProf. Department of Law, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, IranMahdiAbdolmalekiAssistant Prof. Department of Law, Ka.C, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran0000-0003-2525-5731Journal Article20250516Artificial intelligence is evolving at a remarkable and accelerating pace. This technology is present or becoming present in all areas of human life. In the future, the relationship between artificial intelligence and humans, how it will interact with human rights, is a serious discussion. The international community's solution to this potential challenge is to create new rights under the title of the "Fourth Generation of Human Rights." Artificial intelligence will become an intelligent actor like humans. Therefore, the fundamental question is that, will there be interaction between artificial intelligence and the fourth generation of human rights. To answer this question, we use a descriptive-analytical approach. it can be said that although artificial intelligence has raised significant issues in this field, but it should not be forgotten that preserving human dignity and protecting humans against the risks of emerging technologies, as the foundation of human rights, can pave the way for balance and coexistence between artificial intelligence and the principles of the fourth generation of human rights.https://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article_29006_11a5b5ef81cff76a0a1f3d042f635df3.pdfTarbiat Modares UniversityThe International Journal of Humanities2538-264033220260401Emplotting the Past: Mari Evans, Hayden White and the Satirical-Romantic Hunt in “The Nigger Who Now Is Hunting You”2900710.48311/eijh.2026.105918.0ENShahrzadMohammad HoseinPhD Student, Department of English Language and Literature, NT.C. Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.HodaShabrangDepartment of English Language, Faculty of Humanities, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-9721-1781Journal Article20250725Currently, interdisciplinary studies necessitate an indispensable urge displaying how various fields stand intimately while exhibiting reciprocity within diverse disciplines. The present investigation employs Hayden White’s (1928-2018) meta-historical framework to argue that Evans’ polemical poem “The Nigger Who Now Is Hunting You” constitutes a deliberate and radical act of historical narration. Moving beyond thematic analysis, the study demonstrates how Evans strategically deploys White’s categories of emplotment and argumentation to dismantle dominant historiography and forge a plausible counter-narrative. The analysis posits that Evans synthesizes a satirical plot, portraying the oppressor’s world as absurd and doomed, with a Romantic plot --- casting the Black subject as a transcendent, heroic agent of inevitable reckoning. This hybrid employment refuses the tragic or comic modes traditionally imposed on Black historical experience, insisting instead on a narrative of immanent, transformative justice. Concurrently, the article examines the poem’s Formist argumentation which locates historical causality in the will and radically re-defined identity of the hunter, underpinned by a Mechanist logic of irreversible cause and effect. Through this meta-historical intervention, Evans does not merely document historical oppression but actively writes history as a means of collapsing past injustice, present consciousness and future retribution into a single, imperative narrative moment. This investigation positions Evans as a crucial theorist of history in her own right --- one whose poetic craft demands recognition as a form of critical historiography aimed at the annihilation of an oppressive world order and the prophetic enactment of a new one.https://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article_29007_11172787bdf65ba27b6349969d340af4.pdfTarbiat Modares UniversityThe International Journal of Humanities2538-264033220260401A Review of Manichaean Primary Sources2900810.48311/eijh.2026.119114.82835ENSorourKhorashadiDepartment of Archeology, Tarbiat Modares university0000-0002-2085-5968RahelehKheradmandDepartment of Archeology, Tarbiat Modares university0009-0009-8370-9886Journal Article20260202Manichaean studies have emerged as a significant field that sheds light on various sides of ancient Iran, including its religions, culture, and language. This research aims to provide an overview of Manichaean sources, addressing the following questions: What primary Manichaean sources are available to Iranian studies researchers, and how effective are these sources in the study and understanding of Manichaeism? To this end, primary Manichaean sources, including the Manichaean texts, the works of classical historians in various languages, and archaeological findings, are introduced and evaluated. Beyond providing detailed information on Manichean cosmology and creation myth, these sources can also illuminate the Manichaean rituals, society, and the extent to which Manichaeism influenced and was influenced by local and foreign communities over time and space. In essence, these sources enable scholars to not only examine the evolution of Manichaean ideology but also to adopt a cross-religious perspective to study the linguistics, geographical distribution, lifestyle, and interactions of Manichaeans with diverse societies.https://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article_29008_ae7a1abc672c5913a8338992ec6b7e72.pdfTarbiat Modares UniversityThe International Journal of Humanities2538-264033220260401A Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Iranian Authorships on Early Modern European History2900910.48311/eijh.2026.105900.0ENKuroshSalehiFaculty member of the History Department, University of Sistan and BaluchestanZadmehrTorabiAssistant Professor, Department of English, Vali-e-Asr University of RafsanjanJournal Article20250513Despite their limited number, Iranian-authored works on the history of early modern Europe are mostly general summaries of major events during that period and have not played a significant role in familiarizing the Iranian audience with the depth of these transformations. Early modern history, which is conventionally marked from the Renaissance to the French Revolution, is characterized by the decline of ecclesiastical authority and the growing prominence of science. However, these developments are scarcely reflected in Iranian historical writings, particularly original authorships as opposed to translations. This research addresses the question: what is the quality of Iranian-authored works on early modern European history? The hypothesis suggests that these works are relatively few and of limited academic depth, mostly offering a general overview of the era rather than specialized scholarly analysis. The research findings state that despite numerous adaptations of the modern period in Iran, the production of content from the modern centuries of Europe in Iranian historiography has been very limited and relatively unspecialized.https://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article_29009_6e4c10382ea6d02e196ebcab34cfbffb.pdfTarbiat Modares UniversityThe International Journal of Humanities2538-264033220260401The Effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Therapy on Improving Symptoms of Emotional Ambivalence and Pain Representation in Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain2901110.48311/eijh.2026.116599.82807ENAfshinSalahianAssistant Professor of Psychology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, IranSaraSouriPsychology student, Payam Noor University, Tehran, IranBitaNasrolahiPhD in Psychology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250925Background and Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) on improving symptoms of emotional ambivalence and pain representation in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. <br>Methods: The study employed a descriptive, quasi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test control group. The statistical population consisted of all patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain in Tehran in 2022. Using convenience sampling, 40 participants who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (20 participants each). The instruments included the Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire (AEQ) by King & Emmons (1990) and the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ) by Broadbent et al. (2006). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software (version 21) and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).<br>Results: The results indicated that EFT was effective in improving symptoms of emotional ambivalence and pain representation in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (p < 0.05).<br>Conclusion: Based on the findings, EFT can be utilized to improve symptoms of emotional ambivalence and pain representation in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.https://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article_29011_c634461583738aa142215561fe7f0248.pdfTarbiat Modares UniversityThe International Journal of Humanities2538-264033220260401Narrative as Ethical Praxis: Analyzing the Function of Narrative in Fostering Social Cohesion and Self-Creation within Richard Rorty’s Pragmatism2901010.48311/eijh.2026.118297.82826ENSaeedEslamiDepertment of political science islamic azad university (chalous branch}KamalPouladiAssistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Islamic Azad University, Chalus Branch, Iran.HamidSimyariPhD Candidate in Political Science, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Islamic Azad University, Chalus Branch, Iran.0009-0005-5330-3675Journal Article20251214This study investigates the foundational status of the concept of "narrative" within the intellectual framework of the neo-pragmatist philosopher Richard Rorty and its applicability to contemporary global challenges.The central research question is: How does narrative in Rorty’s thought constitute an ethical praxis,and what function does it serve in cultivating social solidarity and shaping individual identity, particularly within the complex milieu of the digital age and multicultural societies? Employing an analytical-descriptive methodology and drawing upon Rorty’s primary texts,extensive contemporary international scholarship(post-2010),and an analysis of cultural-media data,the findings indicate that narrative in Rorty’s intellectual constellation fulfills three fundamental and interrelated roles:first,as a substitute for metaphysical theories in explaining the world;second,as the basis for social solidarity founded on moral imagination and empathy, which can be re-evaluated in confronting challenges such as political polarization and disinformation;and third,as an instrument for self-creation in a radically contingent world, now manifesting in forms such as digital storytelling on social media. Within this framework,ethics is achieved not through an appeal to universal principles but through encounter with the narratives of others and the expansion of the circle of we.Rorty’s ideal liberal society is one in which free, interminable,and polyphonic narrative dialogue supplants the quest for absolute truth.The article concludes that narrative,in Rorty’s thought,constitutes the cornerstone of a radical pragmatism which, by critically engaging with contemporary political philosophy and novel communicative realities, remains a vital source of inspiration for mitigating social fragmentation and reinforcing pluralistic tolerance.https://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article_29010_636e0538092a048a7d49aa0b20e2bff1.pdf