@article{ author = {Dallmayr, Fre}, title = {Humanizing Humanity: the Global Significance of the Humanities}, abstract ={  Humanities is the oldest area of study that revolves around the study of human beings, what makes us human and our historical development, and what we are expected to do. This discipline deals with human behavior, human nature, social and political values. Humanities comprise of various disciplines that include art, history, law, linguistics, philosophy, religious and ethics among others. All these subjects affect us as human beings and has an effect on our historical development as well as where we are headed to. Proper teaching of the humanities goes beyond learning the best way to write a sentence or how to draw a comparison between historical figures. In other words, if sciences represent the development of the mind, the humanities, as the name implies, exemplify the development of the human soul. In the current paper, the author discusses the crucial contribution of the humanities by exploring its actual meaning as well as its distinctive features.  }, Keywords = {Humanities,Liberal Arts,Inter-Disciplinary,Mankind,UNESCO}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-22}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-8226-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-8226-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Chatterjee, Kingshuk}, title = {Shari‘ati and the (Elusive) Quest for a Just Order}, abstract ={Ali Shariati was undoubtedly among the most important of the prerevolutionary Islamist thinker particularly insofar as he made Islam a politically respectable force for many young men and women in Iran's traditional middle classes. Shariati was novel for the time in terms of his education and intellectual influences. The clear attraction of ideology for Shariati is that he believes by means of it man is endowed with the capacity to transform the world around him. The current paper tries to explore the manner in which Shariati carried out his highly politicized reading of Islam, assigning centrality to the notion of a just order. Author argues that Shariati's quest for a just order is more important than the order itself.}, Keywords = {Shariati,Islam,Ideology,Just Order}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {23-43}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-2029-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-2029-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Sadeghi, Ali}, title = {Epic and National Self-Consciousness: The Case of Shahnameh}, abstract ={This paper aims to explore the relationship between epic poetry and national self-consciousness and in particular study how Shahnameh may be analyzed from this angle. What is the relationship between the Shahnameh and the Iranian national self-consciousness? What can one say about the Iranian national self-consciousness on the basis of this text? What does the text reveal about the Iranian identity? A related question should also be answered, is the Shahnameh an epic? This is not a pedantic question concerned merely with definitions and labels. As will become clear, an epic reveals a great deal about the national consciousness of the people to whom it belongs (or who belong to it); to identify a poem as an epic, is to be making an important statement about the national consciousness of a people. The question of whether the Shahnameh is an epic or not is hence far from a pedantic one. It takes us right into the heart of Iranian national consciousness}, Keywords = {Shahnameh,national self-consciousness,epic poetry,Iran}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {45-72}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-11436-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-11436-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Manoochehri, Abbas}, title = {Narratives of "Interculturality": Meeting Again Differently}, abstract ={Modern Europe witnessed a historical simultaneity as  the result of which , not only Europe ruptured from its  own past, rather a forced  attachment to the non- European's future was also forged. This  historical "development" has been narrated in the "colonial discourse". On the other hand, for the non–Europeans, however, a different historical simultaneity took place.  Hence; the colonized/non -Europeans found themselves forcefully ruptured not only from their own selfhood, but also thrown in an imposed 'state of nature' dispossessed of their identity. This historical experience has been narrated in the "post-colonial discourse". The current paper is an attempt to host a 'meeting' between the colonial and the post-colonial discourses.}, Keywords = {Interculturality,Colonial Discourse, Discourse of the colonized, Clash of Civilizations, Differential Hermeneutics, Hermeneutics of Resistance}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {73-101}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-1038-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-1038-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Younesie, Mostaf}, title = {Heuristic Appropriation of Aristotle’s Topos / Logos for Understanding Inscriptions of Persian Kings}, abstract ={With regard to the essential role and function of topos / place (in comparison with time) in the thinking, acting and speaking of the ancient individuals, it is possible to analyze the inscribed speeches of ancient Persian kings according to their conceptions of topos or place. For reaching to this aim Darius' inscriptions in Behistun (DB) will be chosen and they will be analyzed within an appropriate heuristically Aristotle framework.}, Keywords = {Topos,Logos,Action, Darius,Aristotle}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {103-116}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-2992-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-2992-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Bahrani, Mortez}, title = {Three Different Readings of al-Farabi’s Political Philosophy}, abstract ={Addition to historical analyses, three different types of reading of the ideas of al-Farabi have been offered: First, the connection between his ideas and the Greek thought; second, the connection between his ideas and theology, and the relationship that can be established between philosophy and religiousness; and third, the explication of al-Farabi’s ideas on the basis of the crisis (-es) he faced. In the present article the relationship between al-Farabi’s philosophy and Greece, Islam and the social crisis of the time are elaborated on.  }, Keywords = {Al-Farabi,philosophy,Greek Philosophy: Political Philosophy,religion,Crisis}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {117-142}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-9652-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-9652-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Alavipour, Seyedmohse}, title = {Political Implications of Abbas Kiarostami’s Cinema}, abstract ={Political Cinema is defined as a "political event", a "biography", or "process". Such a definition is, however, not inclusive enough to cover the films which focus on the normative aspects of politics without necessarily narrating a special political issue. By reviewing Abbas Kiarostami’s films, this article attempts to revise the definition of political cinema and propose the notion of normative political cinema.}, Keywords = {Normative Thought,Political Cinema,Friendship,resistance,Metaphysics of Violence}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {143-164}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-8348-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-8348-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ghobadi, Hosseinali and Ghasemzadeh, Seyyed Ali}, title = {Saadi’s Golestan, Anxieties and Challenges of Contemporary Human Beings}, abstract ={Of the various literary works, which have come to exist during the centuries and civilizations, few are capable of remaining in the universal history of literature and culture. Also among these few, only finger trip has become immortal on the people's mind and memory. One might conclude that having joint humanistic concerns is a cause for the immortality of any work of art or literature. The more a literary work deals with commons, questions, subjectivities and human pains, more people will find their own feelings and "their heart word" in it. Undoubtedly, "Saadi’s Golestan" can be considered one of such works. The present study reconsiders Saadi’s Golestan in terms of anxieties and concerns that contemporary human beings are encountered with. Since Saadi’s strategies and techniques are based on his humanitarian experiences, wisdom and high qualities of genius, intellect and attention to readers, in many situations, it appears to be a solution for the contemporary human problems, and this is the secret to the Golestan’s durability. The research, using descriptive–analytic method and through an inter-textual and induction approach, tries to explain Saadi's humanitarian views and his strategies and techniques to respond to the contemporary human pains and challenges. According to the outcomes of the research, a great part of Saadi's sayings in Golestan is based on his humanistic views and his solutions to the social and spiritual (existential) anxieties and crises. Therefore, his teachings, surpassing the place and time, often can be a healing to the contemporary human's sufferings and a solution for his ongoing challenges.}, Keywords = {Saadi's Messages,Contemporary Human,Anxieties and Challenges,Golestan}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-28}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-4982-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-4982-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Jamshidian, Homayun and Norozpoor, Lail}, title = {Molavi\'s Message to Modern- minded Man}, abstract ={Modern-minded man, as the modern time necessities, believes in the concrete world, and if does not deny metaphysics, he finds it unperceivable and unreachable and hence, ignores some of his potential and spiritual abilities.       Metaphysics form man’s spiritual life, absence of which results in mental nervousness and leads to nihilism, and thus death, men’s inevitable final destiny, appears like a monster. To be away from which and forget it, man requires engaging himself in the concrete, and not reflecting upon death at all.    This paper attempts to investigate the questions as: How does Molavi perceive metaphysics? How does he engage himself with it? And while he follows his religious and spiritual way of thinking, how the face of death is displayed in Molavi’s thoughts?      Molavi’s works represent a human’s perception and experience gained from the Prophets’ teachings which were put into practice in Molavi’s own life. One can find lots of Molavi's couplets dealing with the same, pondering upon which can smooth the harshness of the concrete world in the light of the spiritual world, and generate yet another type of world}, Keywords = {Modern-minded Man,Molavi,Spirituality,religion,Death}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {29-44}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-12403-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-12403-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Karami, Mohammadhussei}, title = {Alchemy of Love: One of Nezami\'s Universal Messages}, abstract ={One of the major problems in today's hectic world is that people have no time to think about the man and his role in the universe. They are constantly trying to move forward without paying any attention to the detail, the correctness of the step, and everything which is ahead of them. It seems that previous philosophers have more time and patience in this matter and have given more attention to it. One of these philosophers and poets which has the power of language and use it to explain his lofty thoughts is Hakim Nezami Ganjavi. He has paid attention to public concerns and given recommendations for their improvement in all his five treasures which are ordered in succinct wise words. One of Nezami's pivotal thought through his works, especially in Khusrowand Shirin and Leili andMajnoon, is love, the love which exists in all particles and leads to the continued existence of the universe. The love that alters the existence of those people trapped in low intentions and aspirations and transforms them to the world of kindness. This paper discusses this issue and its impact on two poems, Leili and Majnoon and Khusrow and Shirin, as Nezami's global message.  }, Keywords = {Alchemy of Love,Hakim Nezami,Wisdom and Preaching,Selfishness}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {45-64}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-10798-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-10798-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ramin-nia, Maryam}, title = {Polyphony: Molavi̓ s Universal Message}, abstract ={Polyphony is a term applied by Bakhtin to describe the features of Dostoevsky's Poetics. According to Bakhtin, polyphony is based on dialogism and to respect to the others 'opinion. In this case, polyphony is an achievement that releases human thought of dogmatism. Molavi, prior to Bakhtin, emphasized on otherness and avoidance of dogmatism and selfdom. Polyphony is a twentieth century idiom and he did not theorize it, the principles of polyphony as a universal message for human society can be seen in Molavi's thought and works. This article examines Molavi̓ s polyphonic view and tries to show it in Molavi's works especially in Mathnavis. The conclusion shows that there are the elements and roots of polyphonic thinking in Molavi̕ s work; Molavi presents polyphony through the elements such as: coexistence of binary oppositions, relativism, to respect to the other`s ideas.}, Keywords = {polyphony,Universal Message,Dialogism,Molavi}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {65-86}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-9043-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-9043-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Seraj, Seyyed Ali and Elahi, Sedigheh}, title = {Molavi and Modern World Crises from the Viewpoint of Iqbal Lahori}, abstract ={The concepts used in Iqbal Lahori's poetry indicate that the political, social, and cultural settings of the time had greatly influenced his ideas. Influenced by three sources, namely the philosophy based on spiritual perfection, a kind of pan-Islamic approach to propagate among Muslims, and a political view toward his own country, Iqbal deals with the modern socio-political crises plaguing Muslims and drawing upon guidelines received from Molavi-his master whose ideas can be a great source of inspiration to solve new problems of the Islamic world and the colonized nations-he addressed many of these problems. In Javid Nama, he believes that desperately romantic poets are the hearts of the nations and give the body the life-giving blood. Such poets create liveliness in their nations. Iqbal calls them "the Prophet's heirs", who carry the burden of guiding people. Jalal-e-din Mohammad Balkhi, is the symbol of a committed and passionate poet who is the source of life to his nation and transforms the universe through his burning voice. To Iqbal, he is the pioneer of the lovers, whom he is the guide. In Iqbal's view, Rumi master us a fellow-traveler whose company brings salvation and bliss. He advises the followers of the path of divine love to accompany him so that, through his blessings, they know themselves and do great things inspired by strong belief and reach their eventual goal.}, Keywords = {Iqbal Lahori,Javid Nama,Molavi,Modern World,Identity Crisis,Self-alienation}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {87-106}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-10471-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-10471-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Yalmhha, Aahmd Rez}, title = {Shahriyar\'s Global Messages}, abstract ={Of the various literary works, which have come to exist during the centuries and civilizations, few are capable of remaining in the universal history of literature and culture. Also among these few, only finger trip has become immortal on the people's mind and memory. One might conclude that having joint humanistic concerns is a cause for the immortality of any work of art or literature. The more a literary work deals with commons, questions, subjectivities and human pains, more people will find their own feelings and "their heart word" in it. Undoubtedly, "Saadi’s Golestan" can be considered one of such works. The present study reconsiders Saadi’s Golestan in terms of anxieties and concerns that contemporary human beings are encountered with. Since Saadi’s strategies and techniques are based on his humanitarian experiences, wisdom and high qualities of genius, intellect and attention to readers, in many situations, it appears to be a solution for the contemporary human problems, and this is the secret to the Golestan’s durability. The research, using descriptive–analytic method and through an inter-textual and induction approach, tries to explain Saadi's humanitarian views and his strategies and techniques to respond to the contemporary human pains and challenges. According to the outcomes of the research, a great part of Saadi's sayings in Golestan is based on his humanistic views and his solutions to the social and spiritual (existential) anxieties and crises. Therefore, his teachings, surpassing the place and time, often can be a healing to the contemporary human's sufferings and a solution for his ongoing challenges}, Keywords = {Saadi's Messages,Contemporary Human,Anxieties and Challenges,Golestan}, volume = {21}, Number = {2}, pages = {107-124}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-6043-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-6043-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Abrishami, Hamid and Bourbour, Fatemeh and Aghajani, Ma’asoumeh}, title = {Prediction of Natural Gas Price Using GMDH Type Neural Network:A Case Study of USA Market}, abstract ={In this paper, a model based on GMDH Type Neural Network, is used to predict gas price in the spot market while using oil spot market price, gas spot market price, gas future market price, oil future market price and average temperature of the weather. The results suggest that GMDH Neural Network model, according to the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Direction statistics (Dstat) statistics are more effective than OLS method. Also, first lag of gas price in the future market is the most efficient variable in predicting gas price in spot market.}, Keywords = {Prediction,Natural Gas Price,Neural Network,Natural gas}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-16}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-5139-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-5139-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {GhasemiVarnamkhasti, Jafar and Mehregan, Nader}, title = {Financial Development as a Key Determinant of FDI Inflow to Developing Countries}, abstract ={This paper investigates the key factors affecting the foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow to deve­­loping countries during the period (1995-2010) with emphasis on the financial development. Financial development, as an important factor in FDI absorption and a prerequisite for utilizing the benefits of FDI, not only increases the FDI inflow in developing countries, but also improve the absorption capacity and ability of these countries to utilize the benefits of FDI. Since the financial system consists of several components and provides a variety of services, various indicators, which represent the development of different aspects and components of financial system, have been applied in order to assess the impact of financial development on the FDI. Results indicate that development of various components of financial system (stock market and banking sector) as well as different aspects of financial development (size and activity level of financial system) all have positive and significant impact on the FDI inflow in developing countries during the studied period.}, Keywords = {Foreign direct investment,Financial Development,Stock Market,banking system}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {17-43}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-9326-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-9326-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {FarajiDizaji, Sajjad and HosseiniNasab, Ebrahim and A.G.vanBergeijk, Peter and Assari, Abbas}, title = {Exports, Government Size and Economic growth: Evidence from Iran as Developing Oil-based Economy}, abstract ={This paper investigates the short- run and long-run effects of government size and exports on the economic growth of Iran as a developing oil export based economy for the period of 1974 - 2008 using an autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) framework. A modified form of Feder (1982) and subsequently Ram’s (1986) model has been applied to include both government size and exports in growth equation. The findings show that in long run and short run the Armey curve (1995) is valid, indicating that both a very big size and a too small size of government are harmful for growth and government should adjust its size. The results also show that total exports, the amount of oil exports in terms of barrels and oil prices affect economic growth positively and significantly both in short-run and long-run. However, non-oil exports do not have a significant effect on growth in the long run}, Keywords = {Iran,economic growth,Oil Exports,Non-oil Exports,Government size,Oil Prices}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {45-86}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-7058-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-7058-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Azami, Somayeh}, title = {The effect of R;D on performance of high- tech industries: new evidence from Iran}, abstract ={The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of R&D on profitability of high -tech industries with new evidence from the Iranian industries carrying four- digit codes. The Structure- Conduct- Performance (SCP) paradigm, which is relatively well known in industrial economics and in organization management, provides the theoretical construct that guides our empirical model formulation and execution.  The data is compiled from observations made at the plant level covering all industrial plants employing ten or more persons and carrying four- digit codes within the time span of 1994-2007. The model used essentially consists of a simultaneous equation system framework grounded into a panel data approach and estimated by Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS). Our findings indicate a positive and significant effect of R&D expenditures, measured in intensive form, on profitability of high-tech industries as evidenced by the Iranian case. Our more notable finding is the positive effect of lagged profits on R&D expenditure intensity, revealing a likely mutually enforcing relationship between profitability and R&D intensity in high tech industries}, Keywords = {R&D expenditures,High -Tech industries,Profitability,Simultaneous equation systems JEL Classification: O32,O14,L10,C30,O14,L10,C30}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {87-103}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-10001-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-10001-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Baghjari, Mahmoud and Najarzadeh, Rez}, title = {Exchange Market Pressure and the Degree of Exchange Market Intervention: The Case of Iran}, abstract ={In this paper, we will review the foreign exchange market and will try to extract an exchange market pressure and an intervention index for Iran by following the Weymark (1995) approach to evaluate the Central Bank of Iran’s exchange rate policy during 1368:Q1 to 1391:Q3. The estimation method employed, is the econometric technique known in the literature as the Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS).The exchange market pressure’s mean value of 0.062 provides evidence that depreciating pressure remained dominant over the entire sample period. Also, the  mean  value  of  the  intervention index is 0.44,  indicating that the foreign  exchange reserve and exchange rate changes absorbed  forty-four  and fifty-six percent of the pressure, respectively. Otherwise the results of the paper show that on an average there was a downward pressure on Iran’s currency and the Central Bank of Iran pursued an active intervention policy. Specifically, as the intervention index shows, the Central Bank of Iran used both exchange rate and foreign exchange reserve interventions for restoring the foreign exchange market to equilibrium levels, a policy known as the managed float exchange rate regime.  }, Keywords = {Exchange Market Pressure,Intervention Index,Exchange rate,Foreign Reserve,2SLS}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {105-130}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-2236-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-2236-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Behradmehr, Nafiseh and Ahrari, Mehdi}, title = {Forecasting Crude Oil Prices: A Hybrid Model Based on Wavelet Transforms and Neural Networks}, abstract ={In general, energy prices, such as those of crude oil, are affected by deterministic events such as seasonal changes as well as non-deterministic events such as geopolitical events. It is the non-deterministic events which cause the prices to vary randomly and makes price prediction a difficult task. One could argue that these random changes act like noise which effects the deterministic variations in prices. In this paper, we employ the wavelet transform as a tool for smoothing and minimizing the noise presented in crude oil prices, and then investigate the effect of wavelet smoothing on oil price forecasting while using the GMDH neural network as the forecasting model. Furthermore, the Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Hetroscedasticity model is used for capturing time varying variance of crude oil price. In order to evaluate the proposed hybrid model, we employ crude oil spot price of New York and Los Angles markets. Results reveal that the prediction performance improves by more than 40% when the effect of noise is minimized and variance is captured by Auto-Regressive Conditional Hetroscedasticity model.}, Keywords = {Crude Oil Price Forecasting,Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) Neural Networks,Wavelet transform,Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Hetroscedasticity}, volume = {21}, Number = {3}, pages = {131-150}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-7387-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-7387-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Abbasi, Ebrahim Abbasi and Rastegarnia, Fatemeh}, title = {The Effect of Major Stockholders Ownership Concentration on the Firm Value in Tehran Stock Exchange}, abstract ={The aim of the study is to examine the effect of ownership concentration by sum of major shareholders on the firm value. The sample used for the research included 69 firms listed during the years 2005-2009 in Tehran Stock exchange. The statistical method used for testing the research hypotheses was "Panel Data". To test the relationship between ownership of major stockholders and firm value, multi-linear and nonlinear regression was utilized. The findings are indicative of the existence of a significant and positive linear relationship between ownership concentration of sum of major stockholders and firm value and also of lack of nonlinear relationship between the square sum of ownership by major stockholders and firm value. The results of piecewise test of sum of major stockholders shows that there is no significant relationship between sum of major stockholders and firm value in the break points of 10% and 25% and 50% and 70%.}, Keywords = {ownership concentration,major stockholder,firm value Classification of JEL: G3,G32,G3}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-26}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-10506-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-10506-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Navidinia, Hossein and RezaKiani, Gholam and Akbari, Ramin and GhaffarSamar, Rez}, title = {EFL Teacher Performance Evaluation in Iranian High Schools: Examining the Effectiveness of the Status quo and Setting the Groundwork for Developing an Alternative Model}, abstract ={Performance evaluation is one of the important components of each organization, and educational organizations are not the exceptions. Teachers are believed by many researchers as the single most important factor influencing student academic success or failure. Therefore, they need to be at the center of attempts to improve or reform the educational system of any country. Considering the pivotal role of teachers, educational systems need to be assured that teachers perform their best to enhance student learning, and also they should try to improve by identifying the strengths and weaknesses of teachers' practice for further professional development. The present study tries to examine the effectiveness of the current teacher evaluation system in Iran from EFL teachers’ perspectives. For that matter, a survey consisting of both Likert-scaled and open-ended questions was developed based on theoretical underpinnings of purposes for teacher evaluation, experts’ views, and the purposes of foreign language education as stated by the National Curriculum. 423 English language teachers were asked to answer the questions included in the survey. The results indicated the current teacher evaluation system did not contribute to teacher professional development nor could it assure teacher accountability. The results of the study as well as the requirements for developing an alternative model for EFL teacher evaluation are discussed}, Keywords = {educational evaluation,Teacher Performance Evaluation,EFL Teachers,EFL Teacher Evaluation,Teacher Evaluation Models}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {27-53}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-6297-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-6297-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Sawari, Hasan and Aslani, Jabbar and Aslani, Khabbat}, title = {The Protection of National Minorities within the Council of Europe: An Analytical Review}, abstract ={According to the preamble of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (which entered into force on February 1, 1998) minority rights are an integral part of fundamental human rights. universal level that taken on great importance in addressing the challenges of minority protection in evolving and increasingly diverse societies. So, this survey has an analytical approach to the protection of minorities within the Council of Europe and for this, especially, focuses on the Framework Convention: namely its content, its rights-holders, and also- the most important point of view- the problems, challenges and tasks that this legally instrument faces with it in practice. One must take into account that the Framework Convention has passed 13 years of its born and the authors aim to analyze its achievements and in the same time, its challenges as well. Thus, we reiterate once more that our method is analytic to examine the topic.}, Keywords = {National Minorities,Council of Europe,Advisory Committee,Framework Convention,OSCE}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {55-82}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-560-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-560-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Ramzan-Nia, Mehr}, title = {Colonial Scholars, Persian Historiographical Sources: Translations and Past India}, abstract ={The importance or centrality of Persian histories (whether imperial, regional or universal) can be gauged from the deep reliance placed by British historians on them for their own understanding of India’s past. The examples are numerous: Dow, Erskine, Elliot and Dowson explored Persian sources for their writings. Stewart also based his History of Bengal mainly on Persian materials; Mill did not know Persian and so wrote his History of India from Persian sources translated into English. Marshman used published English translations of Persian texts in the compilation of his History of Bengal. Hunter also depended for his understanding of the insight into the history of Muslim rule in Bengal on Persian source materials translated for him into English. Elphinstone, Thomas, Wheeler, Keene, Blochmann and Berveridge were all good Persian scholars and used, in addition to Persian sources, coins, inscriptions and archaeological finding for their writings can be fitted with this group. The recent work of Kumkum Chatterjee alerts us to the twin activities of British scholars and historians: translating Persian histories, as well as writing new histories of India based on the already established Persian model. The former indicates a serious engagement of colonial scholars with older models of history writing (as the appreciation heaped on the A’in as a historical source in the preface to its published edition indicates); the latter proves the adage that imitation was indeed, in this context, a form of flattery, however unintended.}, Keywords = {Persian Historiography,Colonial Historiography,Colonization,History and Past,Indo-Persian Culture}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {83-105}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-2272-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-2272-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {MotavallianNaeini, Rezv}, title = {A Typology of Control in Persian Language}, abstract ={This paper investigates different kinds of control predicates in Persian subjunctive complements. First, it is shown that the obligatory control (OC) constructions syntactically consist of two subtypes exhaustive control (EC) and non-exhaustive control (NEC). Then building upon Jackendoff and Culicover (2003) and Culicover and Jackendoff’s (2005) semantic analysis of control which is devoted to the treatment of infinitival and gerundive complements, we show that in a very large class of cases of OC in Persian , the controlled subjunctive complement also denotes an action. Providing a descriptive typology of each verb class, this analysis justifies the syntactic classification of control predicates  proposed in this paper. Classes of exceptions are treated as coercion in the sense of Sag and Pollard (1991), Pollard and Sag (1994), followed by Jackendoff and Culicover (2003) and Culicover and Jackendoff (2005), in which internal conventionalized semantic materials, not present in syntax, are added. The article shows that both semantic and syntactic properties of control predicates determine the type of control relation in Persian subjunctive complement clauses.}, Keywords = {: Exhaustive Control,Non-Exhaustive Control,Obligatory Control}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {107-139}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-691-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-691-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {MousaviHaji, Seyyed Rasool and Khorashadi, Sorour}, title = {A Deliberation on the Position of Vuzorg Farmzar and his Jurisdiction during Sassanid Era, Relying on Historical and Epigraphic Evidences}, abstract ={In its course of evolution, the Sassanian rule accepted a change in temporal exigencies, condition and manner of governance of each ruler where more attention was paid to the institutional establishment, grades/ranking, titles, symbols and administrative hierarchy. In a way, the organizational manner, to a larger extent, could engulf the period into a curtain of ambiguity. One of those ranks was Vuzorg Farmzar that apart from having equivalents in different periods of time, with respect to its real application, encountered with sectional and temporal confusion as well. As such, an increase or decrease in jurisdiction of the above rank was influenced more by policies of each emperor. According to this fact, the issues which are to be dealt with in this article are: Which title was synonymous to the word “grand vizier” or “Vuzorg Farmzar” in the early Sassanid era? In which era of Sassanid dominion, the title “Vuzorg Farmzar” was addressed as “Hazarpat”? How was the factional evolution of the position of “Hazarpat”? This research is concerning to show that the word “Bidakhsh”, is a title that in the early Sassanid era was employed to endow titles of person such as “grand vizier” or “Vuzorg Farmzar” and after some time it was completely forgotten. The word “Hazarpat” was one of the other titles which was equivalent to “Vuzorg Farmzar” in the middle Sassanid era and we can distinguish three Functional phases for it: It was a militaristic position in the early Sassanid era, a militaristic- civil jurisdictive position in the middle era and a militaristic position once again at the end at of Sassanid era. Taking into account historical sources and epigraphic records, the current research tries to find out the basis and essence of “Vuzorg Farmzar” and titles synonymous to it as well as their actual or the honorary functions during the era In order to clarify, the extent of governance and administration establishment, on the top of which was the “grand vizier” (Vuzorg Farmzar). To achieve this goal, the connections of the titles such as “Bidakhsh”,“Hazarpat”, “Vuzorg Farmzar” and “Sepahbad” are questioned, by determining the existence, primacy and recency of these titles in epigraphic records and also in the historical sources in which the functional jurisdiction of these titles mentioned,the accuracy or inaccuracy of these hypothesis would be distinguished.}, Keywords = {Sassanid,Vuzorg Farmzar,Bidakhsh,Hazarpat,Sepahbad,Epigraphic Evidence}, volume = {21}, Number = {4}, pages = {141-160}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-3090-en.html}, eprint = {http://eijh.modares.ac.ir/article-27-3090-en.pdf}, journal = {The International Journal of Humanities}, issn = {2538-2640}, eissn = {2538-2659}, year = {2014} }